Cuba's history is marked by a series of significant events that have shaped its cultural, political and social identity. This journey through time highlights the key dates that have defined the journey of this Caribbean island.
1492: Discovery by Christopher Columbus
On October 28, 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered Cuba on his first voyage to the New World, laying the foundations for Spanish expansion in the Americas.
1511: Beginning of Spanish Colonization
Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar begins the Spanish colonization of Cuba, establishing cities such as Baracoa and Santiago de Cuba. This period marks the beginning of colonial exploitation and sugar cultivation.
1868-1878: The First War of Independence
Also known as the "Ten Years' War," Cuba's unsuccessful struggle against Spanish rule was a turning point in the independence movement, setting the stage for future revolts.
1898: Spanish-American War and Independence
The Spanish-American War broke out, and the Treaty of Paris ended Spanish rule. Cuba gained independence in 1902, albeit under the influence of the United States.
1959: Cuban Revolution
Fidel Castro overthrew dictator Fulgencio Batista, leading to radical changes in Cuba's political and social landscape. The 1959 revolution marked the beginning of the communist era in Cuba.
1962: Cuban Missile Crisis
One of the most tense moments of the Cold War, when the world came close to nuclear war. The discovery of Soviet missiles in Cuba leads to a naval blockade by the United States. The crisis ends with the withdrawal of the missiles in exchange for a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba.
1991: Collapse of the Soviet Union
The fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba’s main economic supporter, plunges the island into a severe economic crisis known as the “Special Period.” The population suffers from food and resource shortages.
2014: Rapprochement with the United States
U.S. President Barack Obama and Cuban President Raúl Castro announce a warming of diplomatic relations after more than five decades of tension, marking a historic step toward normalization.
Cuba’s history is a gripping tale of struggles for independence, sweeping reforms, and resilience in the face of adversity. These key dates are just a glimpse of the events that have shaped the island and its people, illustrating the richness and complexity of its past.